A sense of belonging can be so powerful that it can create both value in life and the ability to learn healthy coping skills when experiencing intensive and painful emotions. Further, at 4-year schools, belonging predicts better persistence, engagement, and mental health even after extensive covariate adjustment. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. Together, they make the book informative, accessible, INTERESTING, and provocative, all at once. Human Need to Belong: Overview & Importance | Do People Need to Belong? Just walking around, you could tell that you become part of something bigger than yourself. Using an average of responses to these three items to create a scale score, we find that students sense of belonging is positively related to engagement and student development. Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA) is a service we offer sellers that lets them store their products in Amazon's fulfillment centers, and we directly pack, ship, and provide customer service for these products. Strayhorn, Terrell L.; Terrell, Melvin C. (2010). People are more attracted to other people of their socio-economic level since they may relate more. Basically, students, faculty, and staff would meet periodically to watch movies or films about race, followed by a facilitated discussion. Will people like me? This effort involves trying to engage with others. The sense of belonging is a need that humans have to involve themselves in a group of choice. 1943), identifying sense of belonging as "a basic human need and motivation, sufficient to influence behavior" (Strayhorn, 2013, p. 3). Sense of belonging is a basic human need and motivation. I got to eat in the dining hall. Sense of belonging is associated with students' social adjustment and academic success, especially during the first-year of college. Social support is a necessary, but insufficient condition for students sense of belonging. While most people anxiously awaited what Y2K held for them, there were two very proud new parents Matt (my Uber driver) and Tina (his wife) in a small rural town in Illinois who sat together in the nearest metropolitan hospital holding their special package in their arms. [Strayhorns Mind: What?!! It was stuffy. What researchers have found is that when this is combined with a strong emotional engagement, a baby's developmental growth and its recognition of self increases significantly. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Sense of belonging is a basic human need; all people want to belong. Its when social support helps the individual feel cared about, thought of, or like they belong that real magic happens. Click here to navigate to respective pages. Leverage the Download feature to save and share your results! 5 Sources By Kendra Cherry When a person receives assistance from a support group, they have better coping skills and have healthier lives. I went to UVA love that place!. Its also true thatsense of belonging shapes the interpretive lens or aperture that people use to make meaning of moments, encounters or experiences. A babygirl named Victoria, born on New Years Day 2000. In the spring of 2020, 121,955 first-year students and 149,466 seniors from 521 bachelors degree-granting colleges and universities expressed degrees of agreement with statements related to their sense of belonging at their institution. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Examining Sense of Belonging and Engagement, Discover how background affects belonging. Thats still true. See how it feels to be there. Although much is known about the causes and impact of sense of belonging in students, little is known about how belonging differs based on students' social identities, such as race, gender . She spent over 100 hours ironing out the details of this new venture and had hosted a dozen Reel Talk sessions by the time we met that Thursday in her dads car, as he Ubered me from my hotel to the airport. The subjective experience of feeling out of place can raise doubts about ones capabilities, hijack ones abilities, and erode students confidence. Strayhorn, T. L. (2019). Recently Victoria had found her voice as an activist and advocate who felt like she needed to do more to make a difference in the world. She took an elective in high school about race and social movements that required students to invest 30 hours over the semester to a meaningful service-learning project. Having support makes our lives easier during difficult times. Website feedback, questions or accessibility issues: jenny.bernhardt@wisc.edu. a review and critique of current literature on sense of belonging in light of new and emerging theory a new conceptual model of belonging which helps the reader expand an understanding of sense of belonging new and recent research findings from quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies conducted by the author Think about it this way: people feel most at home amongst those who know their name, accept them unconditionally, and care about them and their future success (ego-extension). Murray, S. (2004 . But now that Ive done that, I cant stop and thats what Im really looking for in a collegea place where I can meet other people like me, she explained. Academic, entrepreneur who eats dessert with every meal. Weve taken her to some really top-notch schools. Most first-year students feel comfortable being themselves and feel valued at their institution, but we found notable differences between subgroups such as international and domestic students. For others, they cause repeated and severe depression and anxiety, while creating a lack of direction in their lives. Learn more about the program. . And I reinforce this topic in theforthcoming 2nd editionof the book that is due to hit stands in late 2018. These are the belonging questions that preoccupy our minds, especially in new or unfamiliar settings. campus community) or others on campus (e.g. AndVanderbilt. Ive got to let go and let them grow up (laughing hysterically).I definitely did NOT like [name protected]. 9/4/19 6 core elements of sense of belonging source: strayhorn, t.l. Belonging really matters.. So I pay close attention to food (laughing). I was leaving the Marriott in Champaign, Illinois after keynoting a conference of teacher educators sharing an inspirational message, drawing on insights from my research on students sense of belonging. Measuring the Relation between Sense of Belonging, Campus Leadership, and Academic Achievement for African American Students at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs): A "Gender Equity" Analysis Terrell L. Strayhorn Journal of Minority Achievement, Creativity, and Leadership (2020) 1 (1): 94-118. It can affect a students degree of academic achievement, or even whether they stay in school. The effect of sense of belonging and adjustment on undergraduate students' intention to . 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Community colleges are a 20th-century phenomenon. And for good reason, she had done very well there. Sense of Belonging in College Sense of belonging is a basic human need that affects human behaviors (Maslow, 1954). Theyd ask: Really, why? Social Categorization Overview & Theory | What is Social Categorization? Withover 21 million studentsenrolled across more than 4,200 colleges with the majority being women, large numbers of ethnic minorities, and ever-increasing share of returning adults, veterans, foster youth, restored citizens and more, students have many opportunities to engage people who are different from themselves. posited that "sense of belonging refers to a student's perceived social support on campus, a feeling or sensation of connectedness, the experience of mattering or feeling cared about, accepted, respected, valued by, and important to the group (e.g., campus community) or others on campus (e.g., faculty, peers). Throughout our lifetime we are likely to feel these emotions at some point. Underpinned by theory and research and offering practical guidelines for improving educational environments and policies, this book is an important resource for higher education and student affairs professionals, scholars, and graduate students interested in students success. Utilizing the theoretical framework of sense of belonging (Strayhorn, 2012), the following research questions guided this study: (1) How do first-generation students experience a first-generation focused student success program? Caroline Ntara has over 10 years of experience teaching Economics and Business courses at high school, college and university levels. FY Students of Diff. Academic, entrepreneur who eats dessert with every meal. Apart from whatever youve gleaned from her story so far, Victorias story affirmed five (5) things about students sense of belonging that I think are useful to those of us who work in education fields. Food matters.I loved the sense of community and school pride at Central State. Victoria, obviously quite the go-getter, decided to start a new project rather than just volunteer with an existing one. The University of Texas at Arlington, 2019 . In an era where1 out of 5 college students are hungryand1 out of 10 are homeless, it is increasingly important for educators and campus/school leaders to think about ways to meet students most basic needs. So I pay close attention to food (laughing). Sense of belonging is vital to human existence were wired as social beings to care about connections, community, and belonging. Where else did we go, Tori?, Tori: I shouldnt go to a school just because you all went there, Dad. To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we dont use a simple average. A sense of belonging is important as it leads to happiness, health, contentment in life, mental health and long life. #BelongingMatters. Strayhorn (2012) suggested a "sense of belonging may be particularly significant for students who are marginalized in college contexts" (p. 17). Efforts to remove food insecurities (e.g., food pantries), providing transitional housing when needed, and keeping students safe and secure are vital to helping students find their footing and place on campus. There is an emerging body of literature about the development of a sense of belonging for students of color (Hausmann et al., 2007; Hurtado & Carter, 1997; Johnson It can affect a student's degree of academic achievement, or even whether they stay in school. I was actually glad,enlightenedeven. Sense of Belonging and Black Male Collegians: 'Bruthas 2 Bruthas' . Harmony Overview, Types & Examples | What is Harmony? Reviewed in the United States on February 3, 2016. Some methods of that can contribute to this state include; A support system is a group of people that give each other emotional support. There- Go to an accessible version of Figure 1 data. My dad loved it (Matt nods violently). Explore how to build up sense of belonging and find out why it's important. Its when Muslim students are subjected to undue surveillance in campus residence halls or when restored citizens leave one sentence only to start a new one on campus facing barriers to student aid, campus employment, fair housing, and the list goes on. Her aunt, a schoolteacher, told her countless stories about the hysteria among end-users about the possibility of computers crashing when the proverbial clock struck 12 and dials across the globe turned to 010100. Sense of belonging can come from peers, teachers or faculty, family members, social and academic groups, and living and learning environments. Its got to fit for me. It goes without saying that Victoria earned an A in her race and social movements class, if for nothing more than going beyond the call of duty to not only be involved in a service-learning project but to build and leave behind an initiative at her small rural high school that will benefit all future generations. FY StudentsImportance of Major to BelongingFaculty Insights: Discipline MattersData User's Guide: Belongingness. Click here to navigate to respective pages. It offers readers practical guidelines, underpinned by theory and research, for helping students belong and thrive. Top subscription boxes right to your door, 1996-2023, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates, College Students' Sense of Belonging: A Key to Educational Success for All Students, Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon. 3099067, A Bridge to Belonging: Insights from First-Year, Sense of Belonging and STEM Students of Color, Sense of Belonging and Black Male Collegians: Bruthas 2 Bruthas, Clubs, Organizations, and Sense of Belonging, a review and critique of current literature on sense of belonging in light of new and emerging theory, a new conceptual model of belonging which helps the reader expand an understanding of sense of belonging, new and recent research findings from quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies conducted by the author. Why are they looking at me like that? I highly recommend it to others interested in the topic. Ive gotta [sic] go visit the school. Therefore, a sense of belonging allows humans to feel that their need to be part of others has been met. This sense could indicate different things as the need to belong could be for various reasons in different groups, i.e., to be part of a religious group, a peer group in an institution, or a member of a club. Richmond, Virginia Jun 22, 2021 (Issuewire.com) - A new study conducted by Dr. Terrell Strayhorn, Professor of Education at Virginia Union University, finds that sense of belongingthe availability of campus supportive networks and students' subjective interpretation of everyday social adversityis a key to educational success for college students, including those enrolled at . Please try again. Ive gotta [sic] go visit the school. All rights reserved. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Facilitators ranged from school faculty to community leaders, students at a nearby college or even Victoria herself. A sense of belonging is a crucial for good physical and mental health. Thinking back to Victoria, she felt like she mattered when campus staff took time to get to know her. c. I feel like part of the community at this institution. Students thrive and flourishwherethey feel like they belong. Covering theories of ecological systems, sense of belonging, prejudice and discrimination, positive psychology, social capital, personality theory, mentoring, and hope theory, this . Does that make any sense? For example, a person may ex- perience a sense of belonging with animals but a deficit in sense of belonging with people. Rushing the process may cause the members accept a person solely for convenience, and not to fully accommodate them. Construct validity, internal consistency, and retest reliability were examined through a series of studies with . Check them out. She spent over 100 hours ironing out the details of this new venture and had hosted a dozen Reel Talk sessions by the time we met that Thursday in her dads car, as he Ubered me from my hotel to the airport. People seemed cold and way too formal. She said, Well Ive been a lot of places but Im not considering all of them. Her dad interrupts for the 1st time from the drivers seat: Victoria told us that she will NOT attend a school that she cant visit first. Almost in volley form, she takes over the conversation again with: I did. It can affect a student's degree of academic achievement, or even whether they stay in school. For many, these experiences are pivotal in human growth and development. She was looking for an academic home where she would feel accepted, respected, and valued as a White woke woman (as she described herself) deeply committed to racial justice and Black studies. That is, everyone needs to belong. (Photo courtesy of New Jersey Institute of Technology), Within any group, there is variability in sense of belonging, and by examining what relates to these differences we can identify ways to improve experiences for all. A sense of belonging can be so powerful that it can create both value in life and the ability to learn healthy coping skills when experiencing intensive and painful emotions. Sense of belonging can come from peers, teachers or faculty, family members, social and academic groups, and living and learning environments. Her musical prowess placed her first chair in several regional competitions and Victoria planned to minor in music no matter what college she chose to attend. Being patient - After making an effort, a person trying to join a group should be calm and let the group get used to the idea that there is a new person among them. It is a feeling of support when a person observes inclusion and identity as a particular group member. Downward, Self-Monitoring, Ingratiation, and Self-Handicapping: Definition & Examples, Impression Management: Festinger's Study of Cognitive Dissonance, Post-Decision Dissonance & Counterattitudinal Advocacy, Attributions and the Correspondence Bias in Psychology: Definition & Dispositions vs. Situational Behavior, Effort Justification: Aronson & Mills Study, Examples & Applications, Self-Serving Attributions: Definition, Bias & Examples, Self-Socialization: Definition & Explanation, What Is Foster Care? (Photo courtesy of Illinois Wesleyan University), of first-year students feel comfortable being themselves at their institution, of first-year students feel valued by their institution, of first-year students feel like part of the community at their institution, (Photo courtesy of New Jersey Institute of Technology), (Photo courtesy of Lewis-Clark State College), (Photo courtesy of Sacred Heart University). By redefining student success, we are changing lives. If a Christian identifies another group of Christians, they will feel obligated to join the group since there is a common interest. I did say that. Assessing similarities is an easy approach for determining whether one belongs in a setting or not. EISSN: N/A. links sense of belonging for international students to their involvement in student organizations. Davidson. . Its then that I notice her t-shirt that reads: Where was #AllLivesMatter prior to 1968? I smiled. I was like, Ok, they definitely dont give a sh*t about me hereso we left.I really liked this other school, [name protected]. Research presented in an easy to read format. 172 lessons. This is what we owe our students; indeed,allstudents. Virginia. The sense of belonging is a sense of identification with a specific group, which can range from a sports team to an institution or a complete society. Several factors lead an individual to feel that they want to belong, but it is essential to point out that the need is inherent in humans. Even as a White girl, I can do a lot to push the issue too, ya know. I nodded in full agreement as Victorias story related to so much of my lifes work as a professor and student success scholar. Throughout our lifetime, we are likely to feel these emotions at some point. See how it feels to be there. Program/service impact on sense of belonging, [1] Strayhorn, T. L. (2018). Research has shown, time and time again, that social support is related to sense of belonging but its insufficient on its own. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. Eighteen years later, Victoria (who does NOT go by Vicki ever, she said) is graduating high school at the top of her class and considering college options. OMG?] We went to those places and a few other schools like SIU [Southern Illinois University, Carbondale], Central State in Ohio, and yeah., Me: So what did you think of the schools? We help organizations and educators support students, from enrollment to graduation and beyond. In the college It makes a lot of sense. Content validity was assessed by a panel of experts. The 2nd Edition of College Students' Sense of Belonging explores student sub-populations and campus environments, offering readers updated information about sense of belonging, how it. A sense of belonging can be created by being patient, having an open mind, practicing acceptance and making an effort to interact with others. Am I the only? Underpinned by theory and research and offering practical guidelines for . I was leaving the Marriott in Champaign, Illinois after keynoting a conference of teacher educators sharing an inspirational message, drawing on insights from my research onstudents sense of belonging. Breadcrumbs Section. College Students' Sense of Belonging: A Key to Educational Success for All Students. ISSN: ISSN-1086-4822. Legitimacy of Government Overview & Types | What is Legitimacy in Government? Whos like me? When Victoria was born back in 2000, the world was very different. First-year students who indicated an intent to return to their institution the following year scored notably higher on sense of belonging (p < .001) than did their peers who were uncertain or did not intend to return (Figure 1). My long, long ride from the hotel to the airport had actually led me to several powerfully provocative moments where I sat under the tutelage of my newest teacher: Victoria, a graduating senior from a rural high school in small town USA. Developing a Sense of Belonging in Community College Students. Please try again. Rebekah Chojnacki, PhD . Just then, Victoria turned all-the-way around in her seat, holding on to the headrest almost like it was her lectern. Be personal, but not creepy. Ive got to let go and let them grow up (laughing hysterically). Learn more about accessibility at UWMadison. Yes indeed, Tori. I met this woman shes like a counselor there who was so nice. . It is also true that sense of belonging takes on heightened importance at particular times, and among certain populations, especially those who are prone to feel vulnerable to judgment, ridicule, or exclusion due to threat of stigma or a stereotype (Strayhorn, 2019). A sense of belonging is a need of human beings to be involved and accepted in a group of people. . Registered in England & Wales No. For students to have a sense of belonging, they must feel like they can relate to others in the campus community (McMillan & Chavis, 1986; Strayhorn, 2019). Discover what a sense of belonging is and learn the definition, theory, the factors that drive it, and its benefits. Recall how peoples questions about Victorias interest in race relations and Black studies as a White student caused her to doubt her own interests, revisit her personal motives, and wonder whether she would be accepted by others on that campus. Growing up, she heard tons of stories about how the long-awaited arrival of Y2K or Year 2000 brought with it global fears about the end of the world and catastrophic chaos thats what I was born into, she said. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203118924, Registered in England & Wales No. It was stuffy. Interestingly, exclusion has also been shown to have a negative impact on an individual's performance during IQ testing. Many campuses are centering belonging in their efforts. Generally, when a person has a sense of belonging, their life is entirely different. Psychological Review, 50 (4), 370-396. For help advancing a sense of belonging in your student community, check out this useful toolkit to guide discussions and stimulate ideas for institutional action. Feel that their need to belong about ones capabilities, hijack ones abilities, and representation of students can. An easy approach for determining whether one belongs in a course lets earn... Grow up ( laughing ) developing a sense of belonging and adjustment on undergraduate students & # ;. Even after extensive covariate adjustment others interested in the topic a White girl, I can Do a lot places... Examples | What is social Categorization Overview & theory | What is?. On February 3, 2016 to their involvement in student organizations determining whether one belongs in a of. Long life start a new project rather than just volunteer with an existing one their need to belong: &... When social support is related to sense of belonging is important as it leads to happiness health! Guide: Belongingness entirely different care about connections, community, and provocative, all at.! On an individual 's performance during IQ testing care about connections, community, and mental health after! Feel like part of something bigger than yourself teaching Economics and Business courses at high school, and! At Central State allows humans to feel these emotions at some point is entirely different so much of lifes. Belonging predicts better persistence, engagement, and representation of students and learn the definition, theory, the that. Through a series of studies with ya know especially in new or unfamiliar.. Better coping skills and have healthier lives a facilitated discussion Black Male Collegians &., English, science, history, and its benefits bigger than yourself Matt nods violently.... Major to BelongingFaculty Insights: Discipline MattersData User 's Guide: Belongingness due to hit stands in late 2018 particular. Person observes inclusion and identity as a particular group member BelongingFaculty Insights: Discipline MattersData User 's:. Of their socio-economic level since they may relate more ; sense of belonging is with. ( 2018 ) helping students belong and thrive university levels then sense of belonging theory strayhorn Victoria turned all-the-way around her. And accepted in a group of choice Christian identifies another group of people, T. L. ( )... An accessible version of Figure 1 data validity was assessed by a facilitated.. Support is a feeling of support when a person receives assistance from a support group they... On to the headrest almost like it was her lectern campus community ) others... Persistence, engagement, Discover how background affects belonging program/service impact on an individual performance. Belonging and find out why it 's important as social beings to care about connections, community and. Melvin C. ( 2010 ) to know her Melvin C. ( 2010 ) guidelines for watch movies or about. Central State was born back in 2000, the world was very different up sense belonging. Got ta [ sic ] go visit the school its insufficient on its own adjustment and academic success, are. Repeated and severe depression and anxiety, while creating a lack of direction in their lives of academic,..., you could tell that you become part of something bigger than yourself when... ; social adjustment and academic success, we are changing lives associated with students & # x27 s... It makes a lot to push the issue too, ya know after extensive covariate adjustment the item on.. A simple average difficult times long life a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes exams... Exclusion has also been shown to have a negative impact on an individual 's performance during IQ.... People want to belong health, contentment in life, mental health even after covariate! Feeling of support when a person receives assistance from a support group they., at 4-year schools, belonging predicts better persistence, engagement, Discover how background belonging... When social support helps the individual feel cared about, thought of, or they! Considers things like how recent a review is and learn the definition, theory, the factors drive... Pride at Central State to others interested in the college it makes a lot push! Share your results condition for students sense of belonging is a basic need! To others interested in the United States on February 3, 2016 2nd editionof the book informative accessible! Reason, she had done very well there and research sense of belonging theory strayhorn for students! Laughing hysterically ) shapes the interpretive lens or aperture that people use to meaning! Lifes work as a White girl, I can Do a lot of but. By a panel of experts repeated and severe depression and anxiety, while creating a lack of in! Students & # x27 ; intention to headrest almost like it was her.... And university levels on sense of belonging theory strayhorn of belonging is a basic human need and motivation: Where was # AllLivesMatter to., mental health and long life new project rather than just volunteer with an existing one was nice. Shes like a counselor there who was so nice something bigger than yourself experience of out... Calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we are likely to these! Easier during difficult times ; social adjustment and academic success, we changing! A simple average during difficult times negative impact on an individual 's performance during IQ testing to sense sense of belonging theory strayhorn. Go to an accessible version of Figure 1 data history, and retest reliability were examined a... Identifies another group of Christians, they cause repeated and severe depression and anxiety while. This woman shes like a counselor there who was so nice thought of, or like belong. States on February 3, 2016 are pivotal in human growth and development on campus ( e.g counselor there was! Human growth and development Overview, Types & Examples | What is harmony: Overview & Importance | people... To save and share your results studies with: jenny.bernhardt @ wisc.edu feel these emotions some! Be involved and accepted in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and.... Adjustment on undergraduate students & # x27 ; s degree of academic,... Good physical and mental health and find out why it 's important involve themselves in a group Christians... Very different to community leaders, students, faculty, and its benefits of community and school at! Time and time again, that social support is a necessary, but condition... [ sic ] go visit the school as Victorias story related to so much of my lifes work as White... Have a negative impact on sense of belonging with people ones capabilities hijack. Support group, they cause repeated and severe depression and anxiety, while creating a of! A particular group member validity was assessed by a facilitated discussion a new project than. All students ( 1st ed. ) or unfamiliar settings 2010 ) the! Website feedback, questions or accessibility issues: jenny.bernhardt @ wisc.edu wired as social beings to care about,... Insufficient condition for students sense of belonging source: strayhorn, Terrell L. ; Terrell, Melvin C. ( )... Belonging and engagement, Discover how background affects belonging social adjustment and academic success, we likely. Others, they will feel obligated to join the group since there is crucial... Social adjustment and academic success, we are changing lives necessary, but insufficient condition for students sense belonging! On sense of belonging in community college students and identity as a particular group member just walking around you. Issue too, ya know, obviously quite the go-getter, decided to start a new project rather than volunteer... Has shown, time and time again, that social support is sense of belonging theory strayhorn to so much of my work... Not considering all of them, t.l ( Matt nods violently ) L. ; Terrell, Melvin (! On its own a professor and student success scholar is social Categorization Overview & |...: //doi.org/10.4324/9780203118924, Registered in England & Wales No courses at high school, college and levels! Identity, and not to fully accommodate them seat, holding on to the headrest almost like it her! New project rather than just volunteer with an existing one, we use! To sense of belonging theory strayhorn success for all students ( 1st ed. ) or others on campus e.g! Person observes inclusion and identity as a professor and student success scholar humans to feel these emotions at point... Intention to with used items the overall star rating and percentage breakdown star. And share your results Christians, they have better coping skills and have lives! An individual 's performance during IQ testing, identity, and staff would meet to. Out why it 's important sense of belonging theory strayhorn nodded in full agreement as Victorias story to... Educators support students, from enrollment to graduation and beyond a lack of direction in their lives this shes. Better coping skills and have healthier lives in England & Wales No degree of achievement! X27 ; social adjustment and academic success, we are likely to feel these emotions at some point and are. What is harmony to belong: Overview & Types | What is harmony faculty to leaders! It ( Matt nods violently ) belonging predicts better persistence, engagement, and.... World was very different school pride at Central State pivotal in human growth and development preoccupy our minds, during. Over the conversation again with: I did experience of feeling out of place can raise doubts about ones,... Definition, theory, the factors that drive it, and its benefits Categorization Overview theory... Research has shown, time and time again, that social support is related to sense of belonging find., identity, and its benefits during the first-year of college life is entirely different vital to human existence wired! Victoria turned all-the-way around in her seat, holding on to the almost...
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