There is a multitude of discotheques, restaurants, bars, piano bars, folk clubs, taverns, soda fountains, fast food outlets and many other kinds of entertainment. There are separate reception centers for females, male youth, and adult males. The decision was announced in November 2014 by the Evaluation Committee of ACES Europe, on the grounds that "the city is a good example of sport for all, as means to improve healthy lifestyle, integration and education, which are the basis of the initiative.". , , 1910 , . As a consequence of the bombings thousands of buildings were destroyed or damaged including the Capital Library and thousands of books. Some of the neighbourhoods constructed after 2000 are densely built up and lack green spaces. 18792004". [204] The city also hosts 23 of Bulgaria's 51 higher education establishments and more than 105,000 university students. Since Mount Vitosha is a preferred destination for the capitals residents, its fields and paths are alive with nature lovers. Incarcerated individual behavior at Level 1 is expected to be rule compliant and pro-social and Level 1 individuals are eligible for admission to Reintegration Units. [110][111] Following the war, the great majority of the Muslim population left Sofia.[101]. Founded thousands of years ago, today the city continues to develop as the country's cultural and economic center. Weather can be very unstable and dynamic with sudden significant temperature amplitudes. Sofia is a regional IT hub, ranking second among the Top 10 fastest growing tech centers in Europe in terms of annual growth of active members. Sofia has a humid continental climate (Kppen climate classification Dfb; Cfb if with 3C isotherm) with an average annual temperature of 10.9C (51.6F). NY: Harry N. Abrams Inc., 1998. According to the 2011 census, people aged 2024 years are the most numerous group, numbering 133,170 individuals and accounting for 11% of the total 1,202,761 people. There are 16 industrial and logistics parks in Sofia, some sprawling to towns in neighbouring Sofia Province, such as Bozhurishte, Kostinbrod and Elin Pelin. Of these 864 do not have any water supply and 688 have other than communal. Manufacturing has registered a strong recovery since 2012, increasing the exports three-fold and the employment by 52% accounting for over 70,000 jobs. [48], Summers are quite warm and sunny. [70] During the October 2017 March 2018 heating season, particulate levels exceeded the norm on 70 occasions;[69] on 7 January 2018, PM10 levels reached 632g/m3,[72] some twelve times the EU norm of 50g/m3. inmate classification vg3 alabama meaning a nice variety of treatment and work programs too. Of the population aged 1564 265,248 people within the municipality (28.5%) are not economically active, the unemployed being another group of 55,553 people (6%), a large share of whom have completed higher education. [43][44] Fog is not unusual, especially in the beginning of the season. [95][97], The city eventually fell to the Byzantine Empire in 1018, following the Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria. The 2014 Aegean Sea earthquake was also noticed in the city. There are more than fifteen swimming complexes in the city, most of them outdoor. The report also noted that no industrial pollution monitoring stations operate in Sofia, even though industrial facilities are active in the city. The Thracians, Iztok Zapad, Sofia, 2011. Theatre is by far the most popular form of performing art, and theatrical venues are among the most visited, second only to cinemas. With its cultural significance in Southeast Europe, Sofia is home to the National Opera and Ballet of Bulgaria, the National Palace of Culture, the Vasil Levski National Stadium, the Ivan Vazov National Theatre, the National Archaeological Museum, and the Serdica Amphitheatre. This guide presents six key elements that, in combination, will help jails reduce a wide array of negative, destructive, and dangerous inmate behavior (p. v). [8], For a long time the city possessed[29] a Thracian name, Serdica (Ancient Greek: .mw-parser-output .polytonic{font-family:"SBL BibLit","SBL Greek",Athena,"EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Foulis Greek","Garamond Libre",Cardo,"Gentium Plus",Gentium,Garamond,"Palatino Linotype","DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif",FreeSerif,FreeSans,"Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande",Code2000,sans-serif} Serdik, or Sardik; Latin: .mw-parser-output .script-latin{font-family:"Palemonas MUFI","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Garamond Libre","Cormorant Garamond",Cormorant,Cardo,"ETBookOT","ETBembo","Junicode New","Junicode","Andron Freefont LAT","PFEFFER MEDIVAL","Open Baskerville","Adobe Garamond Pro","Adobe Caslon Pro","Baskerville Ten","Garamond",serif}Serdica or Sardica), derived from the tribe Serdi, who were either of Thracian,[16][18] Celtic,[30] or mixed Thracian-Celtic origin. Bianquis, C.E. Smog thus persists over the city as temperature inversions and the mountains surrounding the city prevent the circulation of air masses. During the Russo-Turkish War of 187778, Suleiman Pasha threatened to burn the city in defence, but the foreign diplomats Leandre Legay, Vito Positano, Rabbi Gabriel Almosnino and Josef Valdhart refused to leave the city thus saving it. 78", " - 01.1887 - 12.2007", "Weather Sofia Monthly Weather History- freemeteo.bg", ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-VI/BU/15614.TXT, "Weather Sofia Daily Weather History| freemeteo.bg", "Sofia, Bulgaria - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast", "Air pollution in Sofia, other Bulgarian cities hugely exceeded norms several times this winter", "Bulgaria's Air Is Dirtiest in Europe, Study Finds, Followed by Poland", "Bulgaria: Bad air quality in Sofia on January 6 2018", "Sofia Municipal Council Adopted Measures to Tackle Air Pollution", "Brussels: Sofia has no projects targeting air pollution standartnews.com", "Odrysian Kingdom - the first country on the Balkans", " 24.04.2016 9:331205 ", "Dio, Roman History, Book 51, chapter 25", "Trakiia 12 41- "Da diese mit ihrem blinden Knig Siras verbndete der Rmer waren ergab dies den Vorwand fr den Kriegszug von Crassus. [174] The sector employs about 50,000 professionals, 30% of them involved in programming, and contributes for 14% of the city's exports. While the 1818 and 1858 earthquakes were intense and destructive, the 2012 Pernik earthquake occurred west of Sofia with a moment magnitude of 5.6 and a much lower Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong). Top-circulation newspapers include 24 Chasa and Trud. [108] Sofia was relieved (see Battle of Sofia) from Ottoman rule by Russian forces under Gen. Iosif Gurko on 4 January 1878. A view of the valley from the south. Amongst others, the population consisted of Muslims, Bulgarian and Greek speaking Orthodox Christians, Armenians, Georgians, Catholic Ragusans, Jews (Romaniote, Ashkenazi and Sephardi), and Romani people. DEFINITION(S) AND ACRONYM(S) Its bell tower rises to a height of 53 meters, and houses 53 bells, the heaviest weighing 10 tons. This church was built in 1912, and was designed by the Russian architect Alexander Pomerantsev. The transformations of Bulgaria into the People's Republic of Bulgaria in 1946 and into the Republic of Bulgaria in 1990 marked significant changes in the city's appearance. Sofia offers many places for its children to play. [74] However, a report by the European Court of Auditors issued in September 2018 revealed that Sofia has not drafted any projects to reduce air pollution from heating. Ivanova, Svetlana, "ofya", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. [83], In 2729 BC, according do Dio Cassius, Pliny and Ptolemy, the region "Segetike" was attacked by Crassus, which is assumed to be Serdica, or the city of the Serdi. (2009). [20] The city has been described as the "triangle of religious tolerance". The city is known for its 49 mineral and thermal springs. Unlike most European capitals, Sofia does not straddle any large river, but is surrounded by comparatively high mountains on all sides. From 1530 to 1836, Sofia was the regional capital of Rumelia Eyalet, the Ottoman Empire's key province in Europe. Only over 1% of the juridically married do not de facto live within marriage. This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 15:42. Prison Classification News Inmate Imprisoned for Assault, Weapons Counts on the Run Thursday, January 9, 2020 LINCOLN, Neb. Three of the ten Pan-European Transport Corridors cross the city: IV, VIII and X. Mount Vitosha borders on the Vitosha Natural Park, which is the oldest nature reserve on the Balkan Peninsula. At the beginning of the 9th century, the Bulgarian Han Krum (reign 803-814) invaded Serdika. The urban area of Sofia hosts some 1.54million[9] residents within 5723km2, which comprises Sofia City Province and parts of Sofia Province (Dragoman, Slivnitsa, Kostinbrod, Bozhurishte, Svoge, Elin Pelin, Gorna Malina, Ihtiman, Kostenets) and Pernik Province (Pernik, Radomir), representing 5.16% of the country territory. A double perimeter, razor ribbon reinforced, alarmed and patrolled fence is required for this level of security. (AP) The hunt is on for an inmate who walked away from a low-level corrections cente Calls for prison reform in Mississippi after inmate murders and escapes Tuesday, January 7, 2020 Over the last 10 days, five inmates were killed in different Mississippi state prisons. Inmate Classification - Policies Classification The Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction maintains a uniform and objective classification level system that places incarcerated individuals in the appropriate facility to ensure the safety and security of other incarcerated individuals and staff, the institution, and the community. This is due to the fact that three temples of three major world religionsChristianity, Islam and Judaismare situated close together: Sveta Nedelya Church, Banya Bashi Mosque and Sofia Synagogue. The average temperature in January is 1 degree below zero Centigrade, and 20 degrees Centigrade in July . The city expanded and became a significant political and economical centre, more so as it became one of the first Roman cities where Christianity was recognised as an official religion (under Galerius). The architecture of Sofia's centre is thus a combination of Neo-Baroque, Neo-Rococo, Neo-Renaissance and Neoclassicism, with the Vienna Secession also later playing an important part, but it is most typically Central European. [122] Districts and settlements have their own governor who is elected in a popular election. The Iskar flows north toward the Balkan Mountains, passing between the eastern city suburbs, next to the main building and below the runways of Sofia Airport, and flows out of the Sofia Valley at the town of Novi Iskar, where the scenic Iskar Gorge begins.[42]. [174] The IT sector is highly diverse and includes both multinational corporations, local companies and start-ups. There are four principal parks Borisova gradina in the city centre and the Southern, Western and Northern parks. The Vitosha Nature Park (the oldest national park in the Balkans)[118] includes most of Vitosha mountain and covers an area of 266 square kilometres (103sqmi),[119] with roughly half of it lying within the municipality of Sofia. Sofia is the second highest capital of the European Union (after Madrid) and the third highest capital of Europe (after Andorra la Vella and Madrid). Basketball and volleyball also have strong traditions in Sofia. However, due to the bad communication between the private offshore company that runs the resort and Sofia municipality, most of the ski areas have been left to decay in the last 10 years, so that only one chairlift and one slope work. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths. In 1870 the Bulgarian revolutionary Vasil Levski established a revolutionary committee in the city and in the neighbouring villages. In 1925, a terrorist act of ultra-leftists failed their attempted assassination of the king but resulted in the destruction of the Saint Nedelya Church and many victims. The citys stadiums draw thousands of fans for matches between the major football teams. We provide training on key elements in jail administration, jail resource management, and building a productive relationship between jail officials and their funding authority. The Sofia Tourist Information Center offers information about points of interest, services, and accommodations. The hot springs at Bankya, a nearby resort offer wonderful facilities for rest, recreation, and wellness. The Ethnographic Museum and the Museum of Military History hold large collections of Bulgarian folk costumes and armaments, respectively. Its Institute of Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy will operate the largest cyclotron in the country. ber die Segetike (wohl irrtmlich fr Serdike, Land der Serden, wie es aus Dio Cass. During May and June, The Palace of Culture welcomes performers participating in the festival Sofia Music Weeks. The capitals many theaters and galleries offer a wide range of interesting exhibits and shows. It was liberated five centuries later, in 1878, and on April 3, 1879, it was declared the capital of the newly-liberated Bulgarian nation. Aleko is at an altitude of 1,800 meters, and its slopes face north. In the coldest days temperatures can drop below 15C (5F), most notably in January. [36], The name Sofia comes from the Saint Sofia Church,[37] as opposed to the prevailing Slavic origin of Bulgarian cities and towns. The city produced multicolored sgraffito ceramics, jewelry and ironware. Being Bulgaria's primate city, Sofia is home of many of the major local universities, cultural institutions and commercial companies. [212] A number of research and cultural departments operate within SU, including its own publishing house, botanical gardens,[213] a space research centre, a quantum electronics department,[214] and a Confucius Institute. [80], The Celtic tribe Serdi gave their name to the city. Practical information for tourists in the Covid-19, Practical information for tourists COVID-19, , National Representation for Tourism of the Republic of Bulgaria, St Nikolas Monastery village of Skravena, Information and recommendations about COVID-19, Ministry of Tourism of the Republic of Bulgaria. It was proposed as a capital by Marin Drinov and was accepted as such on 3 April 1879. Two functioning cable cars provide year long access from the outskirts of the city. The oldest church in Sofia is the Saint George Rotunda. Inmate Behavior Management: The Key to a Safe and Secure Jail Issues in Jail Operations, 2003: Perspectives from State Jail Inspection Agencies Jails Division Objective Jail Classification Systems: A Guide for Jail Administrators Resource Guide for Jail Administrators Women in Jail: Classification Issues [38] In these documents the city is called Sofia, but at the same time the region and the city's inhabitants are still called Sredecheski (, "of Sredets"), which continued until the 20th century. Line 1 provides a connection to Plovdiv, the second-largest city in Bulgaria, while Line 2 is the longest national railway and connects Sofia and Varna, the largest coastal city. There are two ski centers on Mount Vitosha to accommodate visitors to this very popular sports destination. The author outlines specific aspects of system implementation, automation, monitoring, and evaluation of OJC systems. The city receives an average precipitation of 625.7mm (24.63in) a year, reaching its peak in late spring and early summer when thunderstorms are common. For example, one of the citys most popular venues for business forums and trade fairs is the National Palace of Culture. Each staff member with detainee in-processing responsibilities shall receive on-site training; 3. It holds a collection of Eastern Orthodox icons from the 9th to the 19th century. : +359 2 4918344 Tel. It seems that the first written mention of Serdica was made during his reign and the last mention was in the 19th century in a Bulgarian text (, Sardaki). The President, along with the Council of Ministers, is located on Independence Square, also known as The Largo or The Triangle of Power. They are Aleko and Konyarnika. city of the Serdi. Vitosha is in the south; the Balkan Mountains define the valley's northern fringes. Shopi speak the Western Bulgarian dialects. Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. Privilege levels will be greater than Level 3 and individuals may be eligible for Reintegration Units. ", "Bulgarian Crime Where killing is a habit", "BBC NEWS Europe Romania and Bulgaria join the EU", Crime Rates in Bulgaria's Sofia on the Rise, " 10 000 , 7000 ", "UPDATE: Stallone Returning to NU BOYANA Film Studios in Bulgaria for 'Rambo 5', "Journey.bg History of the Sofia velodrome", "Swimming pools in Sofia (including Spa centers)", "Population | National statistical institute", " ", "Population and Demographic Processes in 2014 (Final data) National statistical institute", "Sofia ranks 30th in GDP/capita, employment growth 20132014 global report", "Global Metro Monitor An Uncertain recovery", "10 Top Cities Around The World To Launch Your Startup", "Regional gross domestic product (PPS per inhabitant at current market prices), by NUTS 3 regions", "Average monthly wages and salaries of the employees under labour contract by statistical regions and districts", "Coca-Cola Opens Its 2nd Largest Globally IT Center in Sofia", "VMware to invest 23M and Grow the Site in Sofia to over 1500 People", "Bosch Group Officially Opened its New Office in Sofia", "Financial Times Expands Its Team in Sofia", "The Software Company Experian Opened its New Office Building in Sofia", "American Control System Solutions Manufacturer Woodward Opens Production in Sofia", "Festo to Invest 25.6 mln. franklin county, iowa police scanner, apn advocacy articles, And economic center be eligible for Reintegration Units Centigrade, and its slopes face north for rest,,... 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